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It maintains a list of Trademarks to pick out, and has a HighlightTrademarks method that does the actual work. Notice that it is coupled only to the Document it knows nothing about our processor infrastructure. Neither have we burned our base; we didn t have to inherit from any particular class to fit in with the processor framework, leaving it free for, say, our forthcoming highlighter framework. Example 5-11 shows how we add it to our configuration code.

Figure 5-10. Parameter arrays An important thing to remember about parameter arrays is that when the array is created in the heap, the values of the actual parameters are copied to the array. In this way, they are like value parameters: If the array parameter is a value type, the values are copied, and the actual parameters cannot be affected inside the method. If the array parameter is a reference type, the references are copied, and the objects referenced by the actual parameters can be affected inside the method.

static DocumentProcessor Configure() { DocumentProcessor rc = new DocumentProcessor(); rc.Processes.Add(DocumentProcesses.TranslateIntoFrench); rc.Processes.Add(DocumentProcesses.Spellcheck); rc.Processes.Add(DocumentProcesses.Repaginate); TrademarkFilter trademarkFilter = new TrademarkFilter(); trademarkFilter.Trademarks.Add("O'Reilly"); trademarkFilter.Trademarks.Add("millennium"); rc.Processes.Add(trademarkFilter.HighlightTrademarks); } return rc;

We create our TrademarkFilter object and add a few trademarks to its list. To specify a delegate to the method on that instance we use our reference to the instance and the name of the function on that instance. Notice that the syntax is very similar to a method call on an object, but without the parentheses.

If we compile and run, we get the expected output:

Processing document 1 Document traduit. Spellchecked document. Repaginated document. Processing document 2 Document traduit. Spellchecked document. Repaginated document. Highlighting 'millennium'

You can also create and populate an array before the method call, and pass the single array variable as the actual parameter. In this case, the compiler uses your array, rather than creating one. For example, the following code uses method ListInts, declared in the previous example. In this code, Main creates an array and uses the array variable as the actual parameter, rather than using separate integers. static void Main() { int[] MyArr = new int[] { 5, 6, 7 }; MyClass mc = new MyClass(); mc.ListInts(MyArr); foreach (int x in MyArr) Console.WriteLine("{0}", x); } This code produces the following output: 50 60 70

This pattern is very common in object-oriented design: an overall process encapsulated in a class is customized by allowing a client to specify some action or actions for it to execute somewhere within that process. Our DocumentProcess delegate is typical for this kind of action the function takes a single parameter of some type (the object our client wishes us to process), and returns void. Because we so often need delegates with this kind of signature, the framework provides us with a generic type that does away with the need to declare the delegate types explicitly, every time.

Action<T> is a generic type for a delegate to a function that returns void, and takes a single parameter of some type T. We used a generic type before: the List<T> (List-ofT) where T represents the type of the objects that can be added to the list. In this case, we have an Action-of-T where T represents the type of the parameter for the function.

So, instead of declaring our own delegate:

var str = new String(); str.createdOn = new Date();

delegate void DocumentProcess( Document doc );

we could just use an Action<> like this:

Since there are four parameter types, it is sometimes difficult to remember their various characteristics. Table 5-2 summarizes them, making it easier to compare and contrast them. Table 5-2. Summary of Parameter Type Syntactic Usage

A quick warning: although these are functionally equivalent, you cannot use an Action<Document> polymorphically as a DocumentProcess they are, of course, different classes under the covers. We re choosing between an implementation that uses a type we re declaring ourselves, or one supplied by the framework. Although there are sometimes good reasons for going your own way, it is usually best to take advantage of library code if it is an exact match for your requirement.

So, we can delete our own delegate definition, and update our DocumentProcessor to use an Action<Document> instead, as shown in Example 5-12.

class DocumentProcessor { private readonly List<Action<Document>> processes = new List<Action<Document>>(); public List<Action<Document>> Processes { get { return processes; } } public void Process(Document doc) { foreach (Action<Document> process in Processes) { process(doc); } }

}

The formal parameter aliases the actual parameter. The formal parameter aliases the actual parameter. This allows passing a variable number of actual parameters to a method.

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